ABSTRACT
La leishmaniasis resulta una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por un protozoo del género Leishmania. Esta constituye un problema de salud importante para diversas regiones de América Latina. El aislamiento social impuesta a raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19 favoreció que disminuyera la incidencia de esta entidad, pero las actividades sociales de la normalidad se retomaron paulatinamente, imponiéndose que se retomen las medidas de seguimiento y control correspondientes.
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. Leishma-niasis constitutes a significant health problem for various regions of Latin America. The social isolation imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic favored a decrease in the incidence of this entity. However, regular social activities were gradually resumed, imposing the correspon-ding monitoring and control measures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Epidemiology , Communicable Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Leishmaniasis , Incidence , LeishmaniaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Pretendeu-se mapear os bancos de dados governamentais em dispositivos médicos, na perspectiva pública com o intuito de contribuir como fonte para gerar dados de mundo real (RWD) e potencial para subsidiar estudos de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS). Métodos: Realizada revisão narrativa na base de dados do Embase. Os critérios para inclusão de elegibilidade foram: i) dimensão ampla de RDW nos processos de gestão de tecnologias; e ii) aplicação de RDW em processos regulatórios, cobertura e ATS. Também foram consultados os sistemas do Ministério da Saúde e da Anvisa. Resultados: A busca retornou 1.185 resultados; após leitura dos resumos, foram selecionados 29 artigos, sendo 5 incluídos. Na consulta ao catálogo do Datasus, foram localizados 262 sistemas informatizados; após análise da descrição sumária e principais objetivos, foram selecionados 12 sistemas que geram dados sobre dispositivos médicos. A falta de interoperabilidade dos sistemas é recorrente e a ausência de uma nomenclatura padronizada é um desafio a mais. Conclusão: Há crescente discussão do uso de RWD para subsidiar ATS em todo o ciclo de vida tecnológico, desde regulação até monitoramento do uso, como também para subsidiar análises de custo-efetividade e benefícios clínicos. Assim como nos demais países, o Brasil sistematizou inicialmente os dados administrativos para atender às demandas comerciais e financeiras. Os sistemas não geram dados dos resultados clínicos. São disponibilizados dados das tecnologias dispensadas e dos valores repassados e não são coletadas as informações dos benefícios do uso dessas tecnologias. Com a evolução dos métodos de ATS, a utilização de RWD tornou-se relevante.
Objective: It was intended to map government databases on medical devices, in the public perspective, in order to contribute as a source to generate real world data (RWD) and potential to subsidize Health Technology Assessment (HTA) studies. Methods: A narrative review was carried out in the Embase database. The criteria for inclusion of eligibility were: i) broad dimension of RDW in technology management processes; and ii) application of RDW in regulatory processes, coverage and HTA. The systems of the Ministry of Health and Anvisa were also consulted. Results: Results: The search returned 1,185 results, after reading the abstracts, 29 articles were selected, 5 of which were included. The catalog of Datasus database were consulted, 262 summaries with the description and the main objectives were analyzed, 12 systems were selected systems that generate medical devices. The lack of interoperability of systems is recurrent and the absence of a standardized nomenclature is an additional challenge. Conclusion: There is a growing discussion about the use of RWD to subsidize HTA throughout the technological life cycle, from regulation to monitoring of use, as well as to subsidize the examination of cost-effectiveness and clinical benefits. As in other countries, Brazil has systematized administrative data for commercial and financial data demands. The systems do not generate data on clinical outcomes. Data provided are on dispensed technologies, on transferred values and are not collected on the benefits of using these technologies. With the evolution of HTA methods, the use of RWD has become relevant.
Subject(s)
Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Equipment and Supplies , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Public Reporting of Healthcare DataABSTRACT
Abstract The delivery of clinical pharmacy services has been growing in Brazilian community pharmacies, and it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of Brazilian studies about clinical pharmacy services in community pharmacies. Original research articles, with no restriction of time, study design, or patient's health condition, were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and Lilacs. Two reviewers conducted the screening, full-text reading, and data extraction independently. ROB and ROBINS-I were used for the assessment of quality. Charts and tables were built to summarise the data. Seventy-two articles were included. A diversity of study designs, number of participants, terms used, and outcomes was found. São Paulo and Sergipe States had the highest number of studies (n=10). Pharmacists' interventions were not fully reported in 65% of studies, and most studies presented an unclear risk of bias. Studies were very diverse, impairing the comparisons between the results and hindering their reproducibility. This review suggests using guidelines and checklists for better structuration of pharmacists' interventions as well as reporting results and measuring fidelity in future research.
Subject(s)
Pharmacy Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/ethnology , Community Pharmacy Services/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Pharmacists/ethics , Total Quality Management/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Research/classification , Public Reporting of Healthcare DataABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since February 2020, data on the clinical features of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their clinical evolution have been gathered and intensively discussed, especially in countries with dramatic dissemination of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical features of Brazilian patients with SARS-CoV-2 and analyze its local epidemiological features. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational retrospective study conducted using data from an official electronic platform for recording confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases. METHODS: We extracted data from patients based in the state of Pernambuco who were registered on the platform of the Center for Strategic Health Surveillance Information, between February 26 and May 25, 2020. Clinical signs/symptoms, case evolution over time, distribution of confirmed, recovered and fatal cases and relationship between age group and gender were assessed. RESULTS: We included 28,854 patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (56.13% females), of median age 44.18 years. SARS-CoV-2 infection was most frequent among adults aged 30-39 years. Among cases that progressed to death, the most frequent age range was 70-79 years. Overall, the mortality rate in the cohort was 8.06%; recovery rate, 30.7%; and hospital admission rate (up to the end of follow-up), 17.3%. The average length of time between symptom onset and death was 10.3 days. The most commonly reported symptoms were coughing (42.39%), fever (38.03%) and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% (30.98%). CONCLUSION: Coughing, fever and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% were the commonest symptoms. The case-fatality rate was 8.06% and the hospitalization rate, 17.3%.